Selected Publications

• Wingfield, J.C., R.E. Hegner, A.M. Dufty, Jr. and G.F. Ball (1990) The "challenge hypothesis": theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies of birds. American Naturalist, 136:829-846
• Ball, G.F. (1993) The neural integration of environmental information by seasonally breeding birds. American Zoologist, 33: 185-199.
• Bernard, D.J., J.M. Casto and G.F. Ball (1993) Sexual dimorphism in the volume of song control nuclei in European starlings: Assessment by a Nissl stain and autoradiography for muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 334: 559-570.
• Ball, G.F., J.M. Casto, and D.J. Bernard (1994) Sex differences in the volume of avian song control nuclei: Comparative studies and the issue of brain nucleus delineation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19: 485-504
• Ball, G.F., P. Absil, and J. Balthazart (1995) Peptidergic delineations of nucleus interface reveal a sex difference in volume. Neuroreport, 6: 957-960
• Hahn, T.P. and G.F. Ball (1995) Changes in brain GnRH associated with photorefractoriness in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 99: 349-363.
• Bernard, D.J. and G.F. Ball (1995) Two histological markers reveal a similar photoperiodic difference in the volume of the high vocal center in male European starlings. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 360: 726-734.
• Balthazart, J., O. Tlemcani and G.F. Ball (1996) Do sex differences in the brain explain sex differences in the hormonal induction of reproductive behavior?: What 25 year of research on the Japanese quail tells us. Hormones and Behavior, 30: 627-661.
• Bernard, D.J., and G.F. Ball (1997) Photoperiodic condition modulates the effects of testosterone on song control nuclei volumes in male European starlings. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 105: 276-283.
• Bernard, D.J., F.E. Wilson and G.F. Ball (1997) Testis-dependent and -independent effects of photoperiod on volumes of song control nuclei in American tree sparrows (Spizella arborea). Brain Research, 760:163-169.
• Ball, G.F. and S.H. Hulse (1998) Bird Song. American Psychologist, 53:37-58.
• Balthazart, J. and G.F. Ball (1998) New insights into the regulation and function of brain estrogen synthase (aromatase). Trends in Neurosciences, 21: 243-249.
• Balthazart, J., P. Absil, M. Gerard, D. Appeltants and G.F. Ball (1998) Appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in Japanese quail are differentially regulated by sub-regions of the preoptic medial nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience 18:6512-6527.
• Balthazart, J. and G.F. Ball (1998) The Japanese quail as a model system for the investigation of steroid-catecholamine interactions mediating appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior. Annual Review of Sex Research, 9: 96-176
• Ball, G.F. (1999) Neuroendocrine basis of seasonal changes in vocal behavior among songbirds. In: M. Hauser and M. Konishi (eds) The Design of Animal Communication, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pages 213-253.
• Bentley, G.E., Van't Hof, T., and G.F. Ball (1999) Seasonal neuroplasticity in the songbird telencephalon: A novel role for melatonin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 4674-4679
• Bernard, D.J., Bentley, G.E., Balthazart, J., Turek, F.W. and G.F. Ball (1999) Androgen receptor, estrogen receptor a, and estrogen receptor b show distinct patterns of expression in forebrain song control nuclei of European starlings. Endocrinology 140: 4633-4643.
• MacDougall-Shackleton, S.A., and G.F. Ball (1999) Comparative studies of sex differences in the song control system of songbirds. Trends in Neurosciences, 22: 432-436.
• Riters, L.V. and G.F. Ball (1999) Lesions to the medial preoptic area affect singing in the male European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Hormones and Behavior 36:276-286.
• Ball, G.F. and G.E. Bentley (2000) Neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating the photoperiodic and social regulation of seasonal reproduction in birds. In: K. Wallen and J. Schneider (eds) Reproduction in Context, MIT Press, Cambridge MA. pages 129 -158.
• Ball, G.F. (2000) Learning to like your voice: Developing selectivity to birdsong. Neuron 25: 4-5
• Gentner, T.Q., S.H. Hulse, G.E. Bentley and G.F. Ball (2000) Individual vocal recognition and the effect of partial lesions to HVc on discrimination, learning, and categorization of conspecific song in adult songbirds. Journal of Neurobiology, 42: 117-133.
• Bentley, G.E., B.D. Spar, S.A. MacDougall-Shackleton, T.P. Hahn and G. F. Ball (2000) Photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive axis in male zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 117: 449-455.
• Appletants, D., P. Absil, J. Balthazart, and G.F. Ball (2000) Identification of the origin of catecholaminergic inputs to HVc in canaries by retrograde tract tracing combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 18: 117-133.
• Bentley, G.E., J.C. Wingfield, M.L. Morton, and G.F. Ball (2000) Stimulatory effects on the reproductive axis in female songbirds by conspecific and heterospecific male song. Hormones and Behavior 37: 179-189
• Bentley, G.E., and G.F. Ball (2000) Photoperiod-dependent and -independent regulation of melatonin receptors in the forebrain of songbirds. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 12: 745-752.
• Tlemcani, O., G.F. Ball, G.F., E. D'Hondt., F. Vandesande, P. J. Sharp and J. Balthazart (2000) Fos induction in the Japanese quail brain after expression of appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior. Brain Research Bulletin, 52: 249 -262
• Duffy, D.L., G.E. Bentley, D.L. Drazen, and G.F. Ball (2000) Effects of testosterone on cell-mediated and humoral immunity in male and female European starlings. Behavioral Ecology, 6: 654-662.
• Riters, L.V., M. Eens, R. Pinxten, D. L. Duffy, J. Balthazart, and G. F. Ball (2000) Seasonal changes in courtship song and the medial preoptic area in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Hormones and Behavior, 38: 250-261.
• Balthazart, J., Baillien, M. and G.F. Ball (2001) Rapid and reversible inhibition of brain aromatase activity. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 13: 63-73.
• Gentner, T.Q., S.H. Hulse, and G.F. Ball (2001) Responses biases in auditory forebrain regions of female songbirds following exposure to sexually relevant variation in male song. Journal of Neurobiology, 46: 48-58.
• Young, K.A., G.F. Ball and R. J. Nelson (2001) Photoperiod-induced testicular apoptosis in European starlings. Biology of Reproduction, 64: 706-713.
• Absil, P., A. Foidart, H. C. Hemmings Jr , H. W.M. Steinbusch, G. F. Ball , and J. Balthazart (2001) Distribution of DARPP-32 immunoreactive structures in the quail brain: anatomical relationship with dopamine and aromatase. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 21:23-39.
• Appeltants, D., G. F. Ball and J. Balthazart (2001) The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase in the canary brain: Demonstration of a specific and sexual dimorphic catecholaminergic innervation of the telencephalic song control nuclei. Cell Tissue Research 304: 237-259.
• Dawson, A., V. M. King, G. E. Bentley, and G. F. Ball (2001) Photoperiodic control of seasonality in birds. Journal of Biological Rhythms 16: 366-381.
• Ball, G.F. and S. A. MacDougall-Shackleton (2001) Sex Differences in Songbirds 25 Years Later: What have we learned and where do we go? Microscopy Research and Technique. 54:327-334.
• Maney, D.L., D.J. Bernard, and G.F. Ball (2001) Gonadal steroid receptor mRNA in catecholaminergic nuclei of the canary brainstem. Neuroscience Letters 31: 189-192
• Riters, L.V., M. Baillien, M. Eens, R. Pinxten, A. Foidart, G. F. Ball, and J. Balthazart (2001) Seasonal Variation in androgen-metabolizing enzymes in the diencephalon and telencephalon of the male European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 13: 985-997.
• Ball, G.F. and J. Balthazart (2001) Ethological concepts revisited: Immediate early gene induction in response to sexual stimuli in birds. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 57: 252-270.
• Absil, P., M. Baillien, G.F. Ball, G.C. Panzica and J. Balthazart (2001) The control of preoptic aromatase activity by afferent inputs in Japanese quail. Brain Research Reviews, 37:38-58
• Balthazart, J., M. Baillien and G.F. Ball (2001) Genomic and non-genomic controls of brain aromatase activity. In: A. Dawson and C. M. Chaturvedi (eds) Avian Endocrinology Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pages 41-58
• Bentley, G.E. and G.F Ball (2001) Steroid-melatonin interactions and seasonal regulation of the song control system. In: A. Dawson and C. M. Chaturvedi (eds) Avian Endocrinology Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pages 79-90.
• Balthazart, J. M. Baillien, and G.F. Ball (2001) Phosphorylation processes mediate rapid changes of brain aromatase activity. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 79:261-277
• MacDougall-Shackleton, S.A., P. J. Deviche, R.D. Crain, G. F. Ball, and T. P. Hahn (2001) Seasonal changes in brain GnRH immunoreactivity and song-control nuclei in an opportunistically-breeding songbird. Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 58: 38-48.
• Riters, L.V., M. Eens, R. Pinxten and G.F. Ball (2002) Seasonal changes in the densities of a2-noradrenergic receptors are inversely related to changes in testosterone and the volumes of song control nuclei in male European starlings. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 444: 63-74.
• Ball, G.F., L.V. Riters and J. Balthazart (2002) Neuroendocrinology of song behavior and avian brain plasticity: Multiple sites of action of steroid hormones. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 23: 137-178
• Duffy, D.L. and G.F. Ball (2002) Song predicts immunocompetence in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 269: 847-852
• Appletants, D., G.F. Ball and J. Balthazart (2002) The origin of catecholaminergic inputs to the song control nucleus RA in canaries. Neuroreport, 13:649-53.
• Balthazart J., M. Baillien, and G.F. Ball (2002).Interactions between aromatase (estrogen synthase) and dopamine in the control of male sexual behavior in quail. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.,B Biochem Mol Biol. 132:37-55
• Riters, L.V. and G.F. Ball (2002) Sex differences in the densities of a2-adrenergic receptors in the song control system, but not the medial preoptic nucleus in zebra finches. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 23:269-277
• Ball, G.F. and J. Balthazart (2002) Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Regulating Reproductive Cycles and Reproductive Behavior in Birds. In Hormones, Brain and Behavior, D.W. Pfaff (ed),Academic Press, San Diego pages 649-798.
• Absil, P., J.B. Braquenier, J. Balthazart and G.F. Ball (2002) Effects of lesions of nucleus taeniae on appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior in Japanese quail. Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 60: 13-35.
• Auger, C.J., G.E. Bentley, A.P. Auger, M. Ramamurthy, and G.F. Ball (2002) Expression of CREB-binding protein in the song control system and hypothalamus of adult European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 14: 805-813.
• Sockman, K.W., T.Q. Gentner and G.F. Ball (2002) Recent experience modulates forebrain gene-expression in response to mate-choice cues in European starlings. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 269: 2479-2485.
• Charlier, T.D., B. Lakaye, G. F. Ball, J. Balthazart (2003) The steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1 exhibits a high expression in steroid- sensitive brain areas regulating reproductive behaviors in the quail brain. Neuroendocrinology,76:297-315.
• Charlier, T.D., J. Balthazart and G. F. Ball (2003) Sex differences in the distribution of the steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1 in the song control nuclei of male and female canaries. Brain Research, 959: 263-274.
• Holland, P.C. and G. F. Ball (2003) The psychology and ethology of learning. In: Handbook of Experimental Psychology, Volume 3: Biological Psychology M. Gallagher & R.J. Nelson (eds) Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J. pages 457-497.
• Balthazart, J., M. Baillien , T. D. Charlier and G.F. Ball (2003) Calcium- dependent phosphorylation processes control brain aromatase in quail. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17: 1591-1606.
• Maney, D.L., and G.F. Ball (2003) Fos-like immunoreactivity in catecholaminergic brain nuclei after territorial behavior in free-living song sparrows. Journal of Neurobiology, 56: 163-170.
• Balthazart J., M. Baillien, T. D. Charlier, C. A. Cornil and G. F. Ball (2003) The neuroendocrinology of reproductive behavior in Japanese quail.  Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 25: 69-82
• Appeltants,D., G.F. Ball, and J. Balthazart (2003) Song activation by testosterone is associated with an increased catecholaminergic innervation of the song control system in female canaries.  Neuroscience, 121: 801-814.
• Maney, D.L., E. A. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. A. MacDougall-Shackleton, G. F. Ball and T. P. Hahn (2003) Immediate early gene response to hearing song correlates with receptive behavior and depends on dialect in a female songbird. Journal of Comparative Physiology A., 189: 667-674.
• Balthazart, J., M. Baillien, T. D. Charlier, C. A. Cornil and G. F. Ball (2003) Multiple mechanisms control brain aromatase activity at the genomic and non-genomic level.  Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 86: 367-379.
• Ball, G.F., C.B. Castelino, D.L. Maney, D. Appeltants and J. Balthazart (2003) The activation of birdsong by testosterone: Multiple sites of action and role of ascending catecholamine projections. In: Steroids and the Nervous System, edited by GianCarlo Panzica and Roberto C. Melcangi.   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1007:211-231.
• Reiner, A., D. J. Perkel, L. Bruce, A. Butler, A. Csillag, W. Kuenzel, L. Medina, G. Paxinos, T. Shimizu, G. Striedter, M. Wild, G.F. Ball, S. Durand, O. Güntürkün, D. Lee, C.V. Mello, S. White, G. Hough, L. Kubikova, T. Smulders, K. Wada, J. Dugas-Ford, S. Husband, K. Yamamoto, J.  Yu, C. Siang and E. D. Jarvis (2004) Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei.  Journal of Comparative Neurology, 473: 3377-414.
• Sockman, K.W., T.D. Williams, A. Dawson, and G.F. Ball (2004) Prior experience with photostimulation enhances photo-induced reproductive development in female European starlings: A possible basis for the age-related increase in avian reproductive performance.  Biology of Reproduction 71: 971-986.
• Ball, G.F., C.J. Auger, D.J. Bernard, T.D. Charlier, J.J. Sartor, L.V. Riters and J. Balthazart (2004) Seasonal plasticity in the song control system: Multiple brain sites of steroid hormone action and the importance of variation in song behavior.  In: Behavioral Neurobiology of Birdsong. H.P. Ziegler & P.R. Marler (eds) Ann NY Acad Sci 1016:596-610
• Appeltants, D., G. F. Ball and J. Balthazart (2004) Catecholaminergic inputs to aromatase cells in the canary auditory forebrain. Neuroreport, 15:1727-1730
• Balthazart, J., M. Baillien, C.A. Cornil and G.F. Ball (2004) Estrogen synthase (aromatase) in the preoptic area modulates the expression of male sexual behavior: slow and fast mechanisms of action.  Physiology and Behavior, 83:247-270.
• Ball, G.F. and J. Balthazart (2004) Hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds, Physiology and Behavior, 83:329-346.
• Sockman, K.W., T.Q. Gentner, and G.F. Ball (2005) Complementary systems for orchestrating mate choice European starlings. Journal of Neurobiology, 62:72-81.
• Charlier, T.D., G.F. Ball and J. Balthazart (2005) Inhibition of steroid receptor coactivator-1 blocks estrogen and androgen action on male sex behavior and associated brain plasticity. Journal of Neuroscience, 25: 906-913.
• Balthazart, J., M. Baillien, C.A. Cornil, T.D. Charlier, H.C. Evrard and G.F. Ball (2005) Behavioral effects of rapid changes in aromatase activity in the central nervous system.  In Hormones and the Brain. C. Kordon, R. C. Gaillard, & Y. Christen (eds.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pages 173-199.
• Jarvis ED, Güntürkün O, Bruce LL, Csillag A, Karten HJ, Kuenzel W, Medina L, Paxinos G, Perkel DJ, Shimizu T, Striedter GF, Wild JM, Ball GF, Dugas-Ford J, Durand S, Hough G, Husband S, Kubikova L, Lee DW, Mello CV, Powers A, Siang C, Smulders TV, Wada K, White SA, Yamamoto K, Yu J, Reiner A, Butler AB: Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium. (2005). Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution. Nature Review Neuroscience 6:151-159

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